What is another word for uncooperativeness?

Pronunciation: [ʌnkə͡ʊˈɒpəɹətˌɪvnəs] (IPA)

Uncooperativeness refers to a tendency to resist collaboration or working with others. There are several synonyms for uncooperativeness, such as noncompliance, reluctance, stubbornness, resistance, defiance, and recalcitrance. Noncompliance implies a failure or refusal to follow rules or guidelines, while reluctance suggests a hesitancy to take part in activities or tasks. Stubbornness indicates a fixedness of opinion or behavior, making someone difficult to reason with. Resistance and defiance both imply a hostile opposition to authority or direction. Recalcitrance goes one step further, suggesting an outright refusal to obey or cooperate. These words can be used interchangeably in various contexts to convey the idea of uncooperativeness.